The oldest Malay kingdom is accepted as Kedah, the seat of the greater Langkasuka coalition of kingdoms in northern Malaya, which also included Pattani, Beruas (Gangga Negara), Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. Langkasuka itself for a while became a tribute kingdom of Sriwijaya. Malays also have no problem about their ancestors being mixed Hindu/Buddhist/animist. Well, you can't deny history, can you?
Monday, August 2, 2010
Saṃsāra 生死, 輪迴, 流轉
Saṃsāra or Sangsara (संसार), a Sanskrit[1] and Pāli term which translates as "continuous movement" or "continuous flowing", which, in Buddhism, refers to the concept of a cycle of birth (jāti), and consequent decay and death (jarāmaraṇa), in which all beings in the universeparticipate, and which can only be escaped through enlightenment. Saṃsāra is associated withsuffering (or dukkha) and is generally considered the antithesis of Nirvāṇa (Sanskrit) or nibbāna (Pali). Mongolian: orchilong.
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